Why are integral fuel tanks widely utilized in large aircraft?

Integral fuel tanks are widely utilized in large aircraft primarily to reduce weight. These tanks are built as part of the aircraft's structure, typically within the wings or fuselage, which eliminates the need for additional, separate fuel tank components. By using the structural elements of the aircraft to also serve as fuel storage, significant weight savings can be achieved. This reduction in weight contributes to an overall increase in efficiency and payload capacity, which is critical for large aircraft operating at high capacities and longer ranges.

Additionally, since the integral tanks use the aircraft's own materials, there are fewer additional components, leading to a streamlined design. This design also minimizes the risk of leaks and other maintenance-related issues that can arise with traditional external fuel tanks. Thus, a balance is achieved between structural integrity and functionality, making integral fuel tanks a preferred choice for modern aircraft designs.